Shooting airguns at night in the UK has never been easier thanks to modern night vision scopes. For sub-12ft lbs air rifles, spotting and accurately targeting rabbits, rats, and pigeons requires clarity, precision, and smart field techniques. In 2025, the top contenders are the Hikmicro Alpex A40, PARD Night Stalker Mini, and Pulsar Digisight Ultra N450. This guide compares them head-to-head and offers practical tips for ethical night shooting.
Why Night Vision Scopes Are Essential for UK Airgun Shooters
Night shooting with UK air rifles is increasingly popular for pest control, but darkness brings challenges: misjudged distances, poor target identification, and wasted shots. Using a dedicated night vision scope ensures:
Clear identification of quarry
Ethical shot placement at realistic ranges
Reduced disturbance of surrounding wildlife
For sub-12ft lbs airguns, most ethical shots fall within 30–40 yards, making a high-quality night vision scope essential for success.
Top Night Vision Scopes for UK Air Rifles in 2025
Hikmicro Alpex A40 – The 4K All-Rounder for Night Airgun Shooting
The Hikmicro Alpex A40 is widely considered the best night vision scope for UK air rifles in 2025. Its 4K CMOS sensor (3840×2160) delivers razor-sharp images, ideal for identifying rabbits in low-light conditions.
Why UK airgun shooters love it:
Magnification: 3.5x–20.5x lets you adjust precisely for sub-12ft lbs distances, ensuring ethical kills.
Fast one-second startup: Minimizes movement and keeps you undetected by wary rabbits.
Field of view: 18.7m at 100m is perfect for scanning fields and hedgerows.
Battery life: 7.5+ hours ensures long night sessions without interruptions.
Pro tip: Use the Alpex’s green or yellow night modes to reduce eye strain, and pair with a low-power IR illuminator to enhance visibility without startling your quarry.
The Alpex from Hikmicro has been designed with airguns in mind.
PARD Night Stalker Mini – Compact and Powerful Night Vision
The PARD Night Stalker Mini offers 1440p clarity in a lightweight and compact design, making it ideal for UK air rifle shooters who prefer a nimble setup.
Key features for airgun use:
Optical magnification: 3x, paired with 2x digital zoom, is ideal for typical pest control ranges.
Picture-in-Picture mode: Zoom in for a precise shot while keeping track of surrounding movement.
Connectivity: Wi-Fi and HDMI support via PardVision 2 app allows recording and live monitoring.
Pro tip: Carry a spare 18650 battery — cold UK nights drain power faster than expected. Smooth, deliberate movements paired with the Night Stalker Mini’s quick start make spotting nocturnal pests much easier.
The Night Stalker Mini is a fantastically compact night vision scope.
Pulsar Digisight Ultra N450 – Proven Reliability for UK Airguns
The Pulsar Digisight Ultra N450 is a trusted classic. Its 1280×720 HD sensor and frost-proof AMOLED display deliver reliable night vision performance, while its rugged design withstands the unpredictable UK weather.
Why it’s suitable for sub-12ft lbs airguns:
Magnification: 4.5x–18x covers most scenarios, with PiP mode helping target precision at ethical ranges.
Durability: IPX7 waterproof rating and robust housing make it ideal for damp conditions.
Stream Vision app: Allows pre-shoot practice and video recording of hunts.
The picture quality of the Pulsar Digisight Ultra N450 is fantastic
Pro tip: Swappable IPS5 battery packs ensure you won’t miss a shot due to power failure. Practice in daylight using PiP mode to familiarize yourself with reticle placement before heading out after dark.
The Pulsar Digisight Ultra N450 makes a great addition to any hunters arsenal.
How to Choose the Best Night Vision Scope for Your UK Air Rifle
When picking a night vision scope for UK air rifles, consider:
Magnification & field of view: Lower zoom is often better for sub-12ft lbs rifles.
Durability: Waterproof and shockproof units last longer.
Size & weight: Compact scopes are easier to handle on smaller air rifles.
Extra features: PiP, digital zoom, IR compatibility, and app support can enhance performance.
Conclusion: The Best Night Vision Scopes for Airgun Shooting in 2025
Hikmicro Alpex A40: Best overall — unmatched clarity, long battery life, and versatile features.
PARD Night Stalker Mini: Best compact option — lightweight, nimble, and ideal for barns or sheds.
Pulsar Digisight Ultra N450: Best proven reliability — rugged, weatherproof, and dependable for years but much more expensive than the other 2.
For UK airgun shooters, success at night isn’t just about tech. It’s also about ethical ranges, smooth movements, proper use of IR illumination, and knowing your quarry. Pair the right night vision scope with these practices, and 2025 will be your year for mastering airgun shooting after dark.
Published by Pellpax | Airgun Advice | 10 min read
If you’re new to airgunning or thinking about trying a different calibre, it can be confusing to know where to start. With so many options — from .177 to .30 calibre and beyond — which one is right for your shooting style?
In this guide, we’ll break down the key differences between the most popular UK airgun calibres, focusing on sub-12 ft/lb air rifles (no licence required), while also touching on higher-powered FAC airguns where relevant.
Whether you’re into pest control, plinking, or competitive target shooting, here’s what you need to know.
What Does “Calibre” Mean in Airguns?
In simple terms, calibre refers to the diameter of the pellet your airgun fires. It’s usually measured in inches, but often shown with a metric equivalent too (e.g. .177 = 4.5mm).
Different calibres behave differently in terms of:
Trajectory (how flat the pellet flies)
Velocity
Energy
Wind resistance
Stopping power
Understanding these traits is key to choosing the right tool for the job — especially within the 12 ft/lb power limit for UK air rifles that don’t require a Firearm Certificate (FAC).
.177 Calibre (4.5mm) – Fast and Flat
Ideal for: Target shooting, HFT/FT, plinking, light pest control Typical pellet weight: 7–10 grains
.177 is the most popular airgun calibre in the UK — and for good reason. At sub-12 ft/lb, it delivers high velocity and a very flat trajectory, making it perfect for shooting over varied distances with minimal adjustment.
It’s the standard choice for:
Field Target (FT) and Hunter Field Target (HFT)
Back garden plinking
Pest control on small quarry (e.g. pigeons, rats)
Pros:
Flattest trajectory = easier range estimation
Lower recoil and air usage
Wide pellet availability and choice
Cons:
Lower terminal energy
More affected by wind drift
Can over-penetrate on close-range pests
Tip: If you’re new to airgunning, .177 is a great place to start — especially if precision is your priority.
.22 Calibre (5.5mm) – Hard-Hitting Classic
Ideal for: Hunting, pest control, all-round use Typical pellet weight: 14–18 grains
.22 is the traditional hunter’s calibre — delivering more weight and stopping power on impact. While the trajectory is more curved than .177, it hits harder, making it a great choice for:
Rabbits and squirrels
Close- to mid-range pest control
Garden shooting (within your backstop)
Pros:
Excellent stopping power at sub-12 ft/lb
Better resistance to wind than .177
Less risk of over-penetration
Cons:
Requires more holdover at distance
Slower velocity can make rangefinding trickier
Tip: Practice at different ranges so you’re confident compensating for pellet drop.
.20 sits neatly between .177 and .22, aiming to offer the trajectory of a .177 with the impact of a .22. While not as widely used in the UK, it’s a favourite among enthusiasts looking for versatility.
It’s a strong performer in both target shooting and pest control, provided you can source quality pellets.
Pros:
Balanced flight and energy
Great all-rounder
Reduced wind drift compared to .177
Cons:
Limited pellet choice
Fewer rifles available in this calibre
Tip: If you find a gun that groups well with .20 pellets, it can be a real gem — just stock up when you find good ammo.
.25 Calibre (6.35mm) – Big Impact, Short Range
Ideal for: Close-range pest control, FAC rifles Typical pellet weight (sub-12): 19–27 grains
At sub-12 ft/lb, .25 calibre is a niche choice. The pellets are heavy and slow, which means a very arched trajectory and limited range — usually no more than 25–30 yards. However, the knockdown power at short range is excellent.
In high-power (FAC) air rifles, .25 comes into its own with devastating energy.
Pros:
Heavy impact, even at low power
Ideal for barn pest control (rats, pigeons)
Fun for reactive targets
Cons:
Very loopy trajectory
Poor accuracy at distance
High pellet cost
Tip: Only consider .25 for sub-12 guns if your shooting is exclusively at close range.
.30 Calibre (7.62mm) & Beyond – FAC Only
Ideal for: FAC hunting, specialist shooting Typical pellet weight: 44–50+ grains Power required: 50–100+ ft/lb
.30 and larger calibres aren’t viable for sub-12 setups. The pellets are simply too heavy to fly effectively at such low power. However, in FAC-rated rifles, these big bores are capable of taking out larger quarry at range with tremendous energy.
Expect serious noise, recoil, and air usage — but also serious impact.
Pros (FAC only):
Massive stopping power
Excellent wind-bucking ability
Great for larger quarry (where legal)
Cons:
Requires Firearm Certificate
Very expensive ammo
Not legal for general airgun use
Tip: If you’re considering .30, you’ll need an FAC and a good reason — this calibre is serious business.
Calibre Comparison Chart
Calibre
Trajectory (Sub-12)
Energy on Impact
Wind Resistance
Use Case
.177
Flattest
Light
Poor
Target, plinking, light pests
.20
Balanced
Moderate
Good
All-round use
.22
Curved
Strong
Better
Hunting/pest control
.25
Very curved
Strong (close)
Excellent
Close-range only
.30+
Not suitable
Massive (FAC)
Excellent
FAC hunting
Calibre vs Power: Making the Most of Sub-12 ft/lb
When you’re working within the UK’s legal limit of 12 ft/lb, calibre choice really matters. Since energy is capped, you’re always trading off between speed (trajectory) and weight (impact).
Smaller calibres = faster, flatter shooting, less energy
Larger calibres = slower, more powerful hits, but loopy flight paths
Ultimately, it comes down to your shooting style and what you’re shooting at.
Final Thoughts: Which Calibre Should You Choose?
There’s no one-size-fits-all answer — but here’s a quick recap:
Go for .177 if you’re focused on accuracy, targets, or longer ranges
Choose .22 if you want more stopping power for pest control
Try .20 if you want a bit of both (and can find the pellets)
Use .25 only if your shots are always close-range
Consider .30+ only with an FAC and specific hunting needs
Need Help Choosing?
Here at Pellpax, our team of airgun experts are always happy to help you find the right setup — whether you’re new to the sport or looking to upgrade your gear. Drop us a message, call our team, or check out our full range of air rifles and ammunition online.
If you’re new to airguns and trying to find something that feels authentic, shoots reliably, and doesn’t break the bank, then the Glock 17 CO2 BB Air Pistol is a solid choice worth looking into. Whether you’re buying your first BB gun or want a fun way to practice handling and shooting techniques, this replica offers a really accessible and satisfying entry point into the hobby.
In this post, I’ll walk through what makes this air pistol special — especially if you’re a novice shooter — and help you decide whether it’s the right fit for your needs.
Why the Glock 17 CO2 Air Pistol Is a Great Beginner’s Choice
The Glock 17 is a legendary firearm — it’s been trusted by police, military, and civilians around the world for decades. The CO2-powered BB version is a licensed, full-scale replica that feels incredibly close to the real thing. If you’ve ever handled the original Glock, you’ll appreciate the details here.
But what’s nice about this model is that it’s not just a showpiece. It’s built for use. It gives you the experience of handling a Glock without needing a firearms license or heading to the range every weekend.
For beginners, that’s a big win. It’s simple, approachable, and just plain fun to shoot.
Realistic Design That Mirrors the Original
One of the best things about this air pistol is how closely it matches the look and feel of a real Glock 17. It has the same grip texture, slide profile, and trigger design. Even the Glock logos and markings are there — this is an officially licensed product.
If you’re a Glock owner looking for a training tool or a new shooter who wants to learn on a platform that translates well to actual firearms later on, this airgun is a smart choice. It’s a practical way to get familiar with the handling of a pistol without any of the stress or cost that comes with live ammunition.
Built with Blowback and a Heavy Slide
The slide on this BB pistol is metal, and the blowback action is a standout feature. Every time you fire, the slide moves backward with each shot, simulating recoil. That little bit of feedback makes a big difference in training and just adds to the overall enjoyment.
If you’ve never fired a blowback air pistol before, this is a good place to start. It’s not overwhelming, but it gives you a taste of what actual shooting feels like — more than enough for casual practice or backyard plinking.
Simple, All-in-One Magazine System
The magazine design is clever. It holds both your steel BBs (18 rounds) and the 12g CO2 cartridge in one piece. You just load it up, pop it in, and you’re ready to shoot. On a single CO2 cartridge, you can usually get around 120 shots, depending on temperature and pace of fire.
If you’re just starting out, you’ll appreciate how hassle-free this system is. No fumbling with separate gas and BB loaders — just load, insert, and shoot. It’s fast, simple, and efficient.
Performance That’s Solid and Fun
For a BB gun aimed at beginners and hobby shooters, this one shoots pretty well. It reaches speeds of up to 377 feet per second, which is great for short-range targets like cans, paper bulls-eyes, or steel traps. At five to ten meters, accuracy is solid. It’s not a competition pistol, but that’s not the point here.
If you’re practicing basic aiming, trigger control, or just having a casual target session in the backyard, it hits the mark — literally and figuratively.
A Safe, User-Friendly Pistol
Safety is baked into the design. This pistol uses an automatic trigger safety, which means the gun only fires when the trigger is deliberately pulled — no need for external switches or manual safeties. That keeps things simple for new users and reinforces safe handling practices.
The trigger is double-action, which means it’s consistent from shot to shot. And because there’s no external safety lever to forget or fumble with, you can focus on learning good habits like proper grip and muzzle awareness.
Quick Look at the Specs
Caliber: 4.5mm (.177) steel BB
Power Source: 12g CO₂ cartridge
Velocity: Up to 377 fps
Magazine: 18-round capacity, holds BBs and CO₂
Shot Count: Up to 120 per cartridge
Trigger: Double-action
Safety: Trigger safety (no manual switch)
Length: 205mm
Weight: 705g
Build: Polymer frame with a metal slide
It’s a well-balanced airgun — heavy enough to feel real in the hand, but not so bulky that it’s hard to manage.
Who Should Consider This Airgun?
This is a fantastic pick for:
New shooters who want a safe and realistic introduction to airguns
Glock fans who want a training pistol that mimics the real deal
Backyard plinkers who want a fun, reliable BB gun
Gift buyers looking for something cool, practical, and beginner-friendly
It’s one of the few CO2-powered BB pistols out there that checks all the boxes for both realism and ease of use. You don’t need any experience to get started with it, but even seasoned shooters will find it satisfying to shoot.
Final Thoughts
To sum it up, the Glock 17 CO2 BB Air Pistol is a great choice for anyone just starting out in airgunning or looking for a realistic, affordable training tool. It’s simple, sturdy, and fun — and it delivers a shooting experience that feels far more premium than its price tag suggests.
If you’ve been on the fence about getting your first airgun, or you’re looking for a way to sharpen your skills without heading to the range, this could be the perfect fit. It’s easy to use, satisfying to shoot, and gives you a taste of what real Glock handling feels like — without the noise or recoil of a firearm.
Few firearms in history have achieved the legendary status of the 1911 pistol. Designed by the iconic John Browning and adopted by the U.S. military in the early 20th century, the 1911 has stood the test of time through world wars, modern conflicts, and a thriving civilian market. Known for its power, reliability, and elegant simplicity, the 1911 is more than just a weapon—it’s a cultural icon and a symbol of American ingenuity. This article explores the full history of the 1911, from its origins and wartime service to its lasting legacy in military and civilian life.
John Browning (1855 – 1926) Inventor of the 1911.
Origins and Development
The story of the 1911 pistol begins in the late 1890s during a time of intense innovation and modernisation within the U.S. military. In a single decade, the U.S. adopted numerous new firearms, including various revolvers and the Krag–Jørgensen rifle series. However, as self-loading firearms began emerging, driven by advancements like Hiram S. Maxim’s recoil-based reloading principle, militaries worldwide took notice.
In 1899 and 1900, early self-loading pistol trials were conducted by the U.S. Army, testing designs from Mauser, Mannlicher, and Colt. The trials resulted in the limited adoption of the DWM Luger pistol chambered in 7.65mm. Yet, its inadequate stopping power in combat, especially against determined foes like the Moros in the Philippine–American War, prompted re-evaluation.
The .38 Long Colt, standard at the time, proved ineffective against these resilient adversaries. In response, the Army temporarily reverted to the more powerful .45 Colt single-action revolver. This reinforced the need for a new sidearm with greater stopping power, culminating in the 1904 Thompson-LaGarde tests. The results favoured a semi-automatic pistol in .45 calibre, leading to the pivotal 1906 trials.
Of the six entries submitted, three were eliminated early. Only Colt, Savage Arms, and DWM (Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken) remained. DWM eventually withdrew, leaving Colt and Savage to battle it out. A series of rigorous field tests from 1907 to 1911 pushed both designs to their limits. During a key test in 1910, Colt’s entry, designed by the legendary John Browning, fired 6,000 rounds over two days without a single malfunction—while Savage’s pistol suffered 37 malfunctions. Colt’s design emerged victorious.
The .45 Colt round is often called the .45 Long Colt.
Official Adoption and Early Service
Following its stellar performance in trials, the Colt pistol was officially adopted by the U.S. Army on 29 March 1911, and designated the Model of 1911. In 1917, the name was simplified to Model 1911, and by the mid-1920s, it became widely known as the M1911. The U.S. Navy and Marine Corps formally adopted the pistol in 1913.
Early production models, including a limited number marked “N.R.A.” beneath the serial number, were distributed to members of the National Rifle Association by the Director of Civilian Marksmanship. The 1911 quickly proved its worth in real-world engagements, including during the 1916 Punitive Expedition against Pancho Villa. It officially replaced a variety of older revolvers and pistols, streamlining sidearm issuance across the military.
A labelled diagram of one of the early production models of the 1911
World Wars and Widespread Use
The 1911 pistol came of age during some of the most defining conflicts of the 20th century. Its performance in World War I and World War II helped cement its reputation as one of the most reliable and effective sidearms ever issued by a military force. Designed for rugged service and combat reliability, the 1911 adapted swiftly to the needs of a military expanding at an unprecedented rate.
World War I: Rapid Expansion and Contract Production
With the entry of the United States into World War I, the demand for small arms—including the newly adopted Model 1911 pistol—surged overnight. The U.S. military rapidly expanded its forces, and production at Colt and Springfield Armory, the original manufacturers, couldn’t keep up with the massive increase in orders. To meet wartime demand, production contracts were awarded to several additional companies.
Among those who successfully produced the 1911 pistol during WWI were Remington-UMC and North American Arms Co. of Quebec, the latter marking an important moment as one of the few Canadian firms contracted to manufacture the American sidearm. In anticipation of a long conflict, contracts were also issued to companies outside the traditional arms industry, including:
National Cash Register Company
Savage Arms
Caron Brothers Manufacturing of Montreal
Burroughs Adding Machine Company
Winchester Repeating Arms Company
Lanston Monotype Company
However, with the signing of the Armistice in 1918, the war came to an abrupt end before many of these companies could begin full-scale production. As a result, several of these contracts were cancelled before a single pistol had left their factories. Nonetheless, the expansion of M1911 production during this time marked a major shift, showing that even companies far removed from the arms industry could be mobilised during total war.
World War II: Peak Production and Standardisation
By the time World War II erupted, the 1911 had been refined into the M1911A1, incorporating user feedback from WWI. The pistol now featured an arched mainspring housing, shorter trigger, improved sights, and a longer grip safety spur—upgrades that enhanced ergonomics and ease of use in combat situations.
During the war, the M1911A1 was produced in staggering numbers. Approximately 1.9 million units were procured by the U.S. Government to equip soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines across all theatres of combat. Once again, a wide array of manufacturers was brought into the fold to meet production targets. These included:
Manufacturer
Quantity Produced
Remington Rand
900,000
Colt
400,000
Ithaca Gun Company
400,000
Union Switch & Signal
50,000
Singer Sewing Machine Co.
500
The production of 1911 pistols during WWII also saw notable changes in materials and finish. To streamline manufacturing and improve corrosion resistance, the traditional blued finish was replaced with a parkerised coating, giving the pistols a matte grey-green appearance. Wooden grip panels were likewise swapped out for more durable brown plastic grips, which were easier and cheaper to mass-produce.
Among collectors today, 1911 pistols from this era are prized for their historical value. Of particular note are the Singer-produced M1911A1 pistols. With only 500 ever made, these models are considered the rarest and most collectible of the wartime variants. Even examples in poor condition command premium prices due to their extreme scarcity and unique provenance.
Throughout both world wars, the 1911 pistol became a trusted companion to American servicemen. Whether in the trenches of France or the jungles of the Pacific, the 1911 delivered the stopping power, dependability, and simplicity that soldiers needed in life-or-death situations. Its reputation, forged in the fires of global conflict, remains intact to this day.
A field stripped 1911 A1
Designation Changes
The pistol’s official designation evolved over time. Initially labelled as the Automatic Pistol, Calibre .45, M1911, it was updated to M1911A1 with the improved 1926 model. By the Vietnam War, it was referred to as the Pistol, Calibre .45, Automatic, M1911A1, reflecting a standardised naming convention within the U.S. military. These changes reflect both technological updates and the military’s evolving organisational structure.
Replacement and Continued Use
Though celebrated for its performance, by the late 1970s the M1911A1 was showing its age. Pressured by NATO standardisation efforts, the U.S. began searching for a 9mm replacement. The Joint Service Small Arms Programme led to the selection of the Beretta 92F, officially adopted on 14 January 1985, as the M9.
Still, the M1911 was never fully retired. Refurbished models continued to serve into the late 20th century, especially among special forces and elite units. Variants like the M45 MEU(SOC) and M45A1 CQBP reflect its enduring legacy within modern military service. Units like Marine Force Recon, Delta Force, and even FBI HRT have favoured updated M1911s for their reliability and precision.
Lasting Impact and Civilian Legacy
The legacy of the 1911 pistol extends well beyond the battlefield. For over a century, it has remained a favourite among civilian shooters, law enforcement, and military personnel. Thanks to its single-stack magazine and slim profile, the M1911 is popular for concealed carry and personal defence. Its reputation for reliability, straightforward mechanics, and robust .45 ACP chambering make it a top choice in self-defence and competitive shooting alike.
Civilian ownership of the M1911 is widespread in the United States. It is used in sport shooting disciplines such as the International Defensive Pistol Association (IDPA) and the International Practical Shooting Confederation (IPSC). Its historic appeal and customisable design have led to a wide array of manufacturers producing M1911-style pistols, including modernised and compact variants.
In a nod to its cultural and historical significance, the state of Utah declared the M1911 the official state firearm in 2011, honouring its designer John Browning, a Utah native. This symbolic gesture reflects the pistol’s deep roots in American innovation and identity.
Militarily, the M1911 served as the U.S. Armed Forces’ standard-issue sidearm from 1911 to 1985, seeing action in World War I, World War II, Korea, Vietnam, and even more recent operations like Desert Storm and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Its continued use by elite units like LAPD SWAT, FBI HRT, and special military units underscores its unique staying power.
In summary, the M1911 is more than a weapon—it’s a symbol of American resilience, ingenuity, and commitment to excellence in arms design. From the muddy trenches of France to modern shooting ranges and tactical units, the 1911 pistol remains as relevant and respected today as it was over a century ago.
Whether you’re chasing tighter groups at 50 yards or picking off rats around a barn at dusk, there’s a moment in every airgunner’s journey when the gear starts to matter — not because it’s flashy, but because it solves problems. Chief among those tools is your air rifle scope.
For experienced shooters, air rifle scopes are more than just aiming devices. They’re precision instruments that, when understood and applied correctly, remove layers of uncertainty. But that only happens when you truly grasp features like parallax adjustment, turret tracking, focal planes, and reticle design — and how those translate into real-world results.
Let’s break it all down, not in abstract terms, but in a way that makes sense when you’re in the field, behind the trigger, with limited time to make the shot count.
Zoom Range & Objective Lens Size: Utility Over Ego
High magnification and oversized objective lenses sound great in theory, but when it comes to air rifle scopes, too much of either can backfire.
Scopes with zoom ranges like 6–24x or 8–32x offer great precision — in ideal conditions. But they also limit your field of view, require steadier setups, and add weight. That extra weight can shift your rifle’s balance point, making off-hand or improvised shots less stable. Massive objective lenses (like 50mm or 56mm) often force you to raise the scope higher on the rail, affecting cheek weld and alignment.
I once mounted a 6–24×50 scope for twilight rabbit control, assuming the light-gathering capabilities would be a huge help. Instead, I struggled. The narrow field of view made target acquisition slow, and the extra heft threw off my shooting rhythm. Swapping it out for a more compact 3–12×44 air rifle scope immediately improved my control and accuracy.
For most airgun tasks, a 3–12x or 4–16x zoom with a 40–44mm objective strikes a perfect balance. It delivers clarity, light transmission, and manageable handling — exactly what you want from an air rifle scope used in dynamic shooting scenarios.
First Focal Plane (FFP) vs Second Focal Plane (SFP)
If you’re trying to decide between first or second focal plane in your next air rifle scope, the decision often comes down to how you shoot.
First focal plane (FFP) reticles scale with magnification, meaning your holdovers remain accurate no matter the zoom level. That’s particularly valuable in pest control or hunting scenarios where you’re adjusting zoom on the fly but still need ballistic precision.
I saw the benefits of FFP firsthand while dealing with grey squirrels on a property with varied terrain. One moment I was at 20 yards, the next I was shooting up into trees at nearly 50. With an FFP air rifle scope, I didn’t have to rethink my holdovers when I changed zoom levels — I could react, adjust, and shoot with confidence. My 1.2 mil drop at 40 yards was consistent at any magnification.
In contrast, second focal plane (SFP) reticles stay the same visual size, but only provide accurate holdovers at a set magnification (usually max zoom). That’s fine for static targets but more limiting when range and magnification shift frequently.
If you do a mix of target shooting and fieldwork, FFP air rifle scopes give you flexibility and speed. SFP models still have a place, particularly if you shoot at one distance and one magnification. But for versatility, FFP is king.
Parallax Adjustment: The Often-Ignored Accuracy Killer
Parallax error is one of the biggest causes of missed shots, and for air rifle scopes, it’s even more critical due to the shorter ranges we typically shoot at.
Parallax happens when the reticle and target image aren’t on the same focal plane. If your eye shifts position, the crosshairs appear to move across the target. That movement can throw your shot off, even if your fundamentals are perfect.
With air rifles often used at distances between 10 and 50 yards, adjustable parallax isn’t optional — it’s essential. A good air rifle scope will feature either a side focus knob or adjustable objective (AO) so you can dial in the exact range and eliminate this error.
At a local benchrest match, I was surprised when my tight 25-yard groups suddenly opened up. The culprit? I had left the parallax set for 50 yards after a pest control session. Once I readjusted to the proper distance, the crosshair settled, and my groups tightened again. It was a textbook reminder of how critical parallax is to consistency.
If your air rifle scope doesn’t allow parallax adjustment down to at least 10 yards, it’s not giving you the precision tools you need — especially for target work or indoor shooting.
Reticle Design: The Ballistic Bridge Between Brain and Barrel
The right reticle can make a massive difference in your shooting speed, accuracy, and confidence. Modern air rifle scopes often include holdover reticles designed specifically with pellet ballistics in mind — think mildot, half-mil hash, or Christmas tree styles.
These designs give you clear visual references for elevation and windage, reducing your reliance on guesswork. The key is finding a reticle that balances information with clarity. Too few markings, and you’re blind. Too many, and you waste time deciphering under pressure.
Switching to a half-mil reticle gave me a huge boost in consistency. I have had to make quick adjustments for wind and distance, ranging from 25 to 45 yards that thanks to my reticle’s detailed holdovers, I could adjust for a 1.5 mil drop and half-mil wind push without ever touching the turrets. That’s the kind of performance only a well-designed air rifle scope can deliver.
Don’t skimp on reticle quality. It’s where your decision-making happens in real time.
HIKMicro Alpex
Turrets: The Precision Dials You Should Actually Use
In the past, many airgun shooters treated turrets as a “set it and forget it” feature. But modern air rifle scopes often include tactical-style turrets for a reason — they’re meant to be used.
Reliable turrets track true, click clearly, and let you dial for elevation or windage with confidence. Whether you’re shooting slugs, switching pellet weights, or dialling for wind, turrets give you precision that holdovers alone can’t always provide.
I run semi-regular box tests on my scopes — shooting a square group pattern by adjusting turrets up, over, down, and back — to ensure that the turrets return to zero and track accurately. When I switch to a heavier pellet for long-range crow control, I can confidently dial 1.1 mils of elevation, take the shot, then return to zero without losing POI.
Look for air rifle scopes with features like zero stop, locking turrets, and clear markings in your preferred unit (MOA or MIL). These may seem like premium features, but they offer a noticeable edge in real-world shooting.
HW100 FT set up
Final Comparison: Matching Features to the Task
Feature
Target Shooting
Pest Control
Field Versatility
First Focal Plane
Excellent
Useful
Best for varied ranges
Adjustable Parallax
Essential
Critical
Non-negotiable
Holdover Reticle
Ideal
Practical
Everyday tool
Precision Turrets
Necessary
Useful at range
Best with return-to-zero
Moderate Zoom (3–16x)
Perfect
Ideal
Balanced
Final Thoughts: Know Your Scope, Own Your Shot
Your rifle may be laser-accurate, but if your air rifle scope isn’t set up properly — or worse, if you don’t understand how to use it — you’re leaving performance on the table.
Air rifle scopes aren’t just about magnification or aesthetics. They’re tools for solving problems, making fast decisions, and executing precise shots. Whether it’s dialing parallax to eliminate error, trusting an FFP reticle at any magnification, or confidently clicking turrets for long-range elevation, understanding your scope unlocks another level of shooting.
Don’t just invest in better glass. Invest in understanding it.
Because when the shot matters — whether it’s paper, pest, or personal challenge — your air rifle scope is your edge.
If you’re new to the world of PCP (pre-charged pneumatic) air rifles, one of your first practical tasks will be figuring out how to keep your rifle filled with air. After all, no air means no shooting.
There are a few ways to charge your airgun, each with its pros, cons, and quirks. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the basics of filling your PCP air rifle using a stirrup pump, a charging cylinder (also known as a bottle or tank), and touch briefly on airgun compressors. Don’t worry—we’ll keep it simple, beginner-friendly, and practical.
Option 1: The Stirrup Pump (a.k.a. The Budget Workout)
A stirrup pump is essentially a heavy-duty, high-pressure version of a bicycle pump—built to handle the much higher air pressures required by PCP air rifles. Unlike a regular tire pump, which might top out at around 100 PSI (7 bar), a stirrup pump for airguns is designed to safely compress air up to 200–300 bar (that’s 2900 to 4350 PSI)
It’s a tall, upright pump that you operate by hand, using a vertical push-and-pull motion—just like a classic floor bike pump. But because of the extreme pressures involved, it’s built with reinforced seals, a sturdy chamber, and often includes moisture filters to help remove water vapor from the air. Many models also include a built-in pressure gauge so you can see exactly how much air you’re pushing into your rifle.
In short, the stirrup pump is a manual but reliable way to charge your air rifle without the need for electricity, dive shops, or compressors. It’s the simplest entry point into PCP shooting—though it does take a bit of muscle.
Watch the pressure gauge until you reach your rifle’s recommended fill pressure (typically around 200-250 bar).
Open the bleed valve gently – This releases any residual pressure in the hose before disconnection.
Disconnect the hose and fill probe carefully
Pros:
Budget-friendly: No need for expensive equipment.
Portable and self-sufficient: No need to visit a dive shop or rely on electricity.
Cons:
It’s a workout: Filling from empty can take a lot of effort, especially as pressure builds.
Not great for regular use or larger air cylinders.
Moisture risk: Cheaper pumps may lack built-in filters, which can allow water vapor into your rifle.
Best For:
Beginners on a budget, or those with a light-use airgun and a good set of lungs.
Option 2: Charging Cylinders (Air Bottles)
A charging cylinder is a portable tank filled with compressed air—like the kind divers use. It connects to your PCP rifle and quickly fills it up.
Available in sizes like 3L, 7L, and 12L, larger cylinders provide more refills before needing to be topped up at a dive shop. Some smaller ones are compact enough to take on a shooting trip.
Attach your rifle’s fill probe first (to avoid strain), then connect the cylinder’s air fill line using the quick coupler.
Lay the cylinder on its side during filling to prevent damage.
Close the bleed valve gently.
Open the main valve slowly—watch the pressure rise.
Stop once you hit your rifle’s fill pressure, then open the bleed valve to release residual pressure before disconnecting.
Pros:
Fast and effortless: Fill your rifle in seconds.
Convenient for regular shooters.
Available in various sizes (from compact 3L to hefty 12L tanks).
Can get many fills out of one cylinder.
Cons:
Needs refilling at a dive shop when pressure gets too low.
Initial cost is higher than a pump.
Steel cylinders are heavy and require testing every 5 years; carbon-fibre ones are lighter but more expensive and may need testing more often.
Pro Tips:
Go high pressure: A cylinder that fills up to 300 bar will give you more fills per trip.
Get the right hose: Red-shrouded fill lines are more durable than the black ones.
Longer hoses give you more flexibility when filling—just avoid kinks or tight bends.
Best For:
Shooters who use their rifle often, or don’t fancy a mini cardio session every time they top up.
What About Compressors?
A compressor for PCP air rifles is a specialized machine that compresses and delivers high-pressure air, either directly into your rifle or into a charging cylinder. Unlike a hand pump or a pre-filled bottle, a compressor gives you total independence—you can refill your airgun or cylinder right at home, without trips to the dive shop.
There are two main types: portable compressors that fill your rifle directly, and larger, more powerful units that can also fill air bottles. These. Some models require water or oil cooling, while others are simpler plug-and-play systems.
Not always beginner-friendly—check specs and user reviews carefully.
If you’re curious, we’ve got a whole guide on choosing the right airgun compressor (coming soon!).
Safety First
Whether you’re using a pump or a bottle, always fill slowly. Rushing air into your rifle can damage seals or valves—even if your equipment has a built-in restrictor. Don’t overfill beyond your rifle’s rated pressure; more air doesn’t mean more shots and could do more harm than good.
Also:
Lay your charging cylinder down when filling.
Keep the fill line as straight as possible.
Always open and close valves gently.
Clean and protect the DIN valve with a dust plug (or at least masking tape) during transport.
And don’t forget—cylinders need regular testing to stay certified for use. A dive shop will refuse to fill anything past its inspection date.
Which Should You Choose?
Method
Cost
Effort
Portability
Convenience
Ideal For
Stirrup Pump
Low
High
High
Low
Beginners on a budget
Air Bottle
Medium
Low
Medium
High
Regular shooters
Compressor
High
Low
Low
Very High
Clubs, tinkerers, pros
Final Thoughts
Filling your PCP air rifle doesn’t have to be complicated. If you’re just starting out, a stirrup pump can be a fine entry point—just know what you’re getting into. For most shooters, a charging cylinder strikes a great balance between ease and practicality. And if you’re going all-in, a compressor might be worth the investment.
Whatever you choose, remember: fill slowly, stay safe, and happy shooting!
If you’ve been happily plinking away with your trusty springer or CO₂ air rifle, but now you’re hearing the siren song of PCP airguns, you’re not alone. Pre-Charged Pneumatic (PCP) airguns have surged in popularity among both target shooters and hunters — and for good reason. They offer a serious upgrade in power, precision, and shooting experience.
But making the leap to PCP isn’t just about throwing money at fancier gear — it’s about understanding what you gain, what you’ll need to consider, and how it changes your relationship with shooting. So, whether you’re a backyard marksman, a competition hopeful, or a hunter eyeing your next quarry, here’s what you need to know before making the switch.
PCP Airguns are a popular choice amongst serious airgunners
What Is a PCP Airgun, Anyway?
PCP stands for Pre-Charged Pneumatic — which may sound like something out of a steampunk novel, but it’s actually a modern, efficient airgun technology based on a very simple principle: using compressed air to fire a pellet with precision and consistency.
Let’s break it down.
💨 The Basic Concept
At the heart of a PCP airgun is a high-pressure air reservoir, usually located beneath the barrel or built into the stock. This reservoir is filled with clean, dry air — typically to pressures between 180 and 250 bar (that’s around 2,600 to 3,600 PSI). For context, that’s far more pressure than you’d get from a bicycle pump or a car tyre — so you’ll need special equipment to fill it (we’ll get to that later).
When you pull the trigger, a precisely metered burst of this compressed air is released behind the pellet. This sudden expansion of air pushes the pellet down the barrel and out toward your target — all in a smooth, controlled motion.
⚙️ How the Mechanism Works (Step-by-Step)
Filling the Air Reservoir Before shooting, the air reservoir (also called an air cylinder) is filled using:
A hand pump (takes effort but gets the job done)
A scuba tank (quick and convenient)
Or a dedicated air compressor (the most hassle-free but also the priciest)
The Firing Cycle Inside the rifle, there’s a firing valve and a hammer mechanism. Here’s what happens when you pull the trigger:
The hammer is released and strikes the firing valve.
The valve briefly opens, releasing a carefully controlled puff of high-pressure air from the reservoir.
This air pushes the pellet through the barrel at high speed — often over 800 to 1,000 feet per second depending on the rifle and pellet.
Regulation and Power Control Many higher-end PCP rifles include a regulator — a device that sits between the reservoir and the firing valve. It ensures each shot receives the same amount of air, regardless of how full or empty the reservoir is. That means:
Consistent velocity
Tighter shot groups
Greater efficiency (more shots per fill)
The Magazine and Multi-Shot Systems Unlike single-shot springers, many PCPs use rotary magazines or side-lever actions to load the next pellet automatically or semi-automatically. This allows for fast follow-up shots and less manual loading, especially helpful during hunting or timed target shooting.
🔄 Comparing PCP to Spring and CO₂ Systems
Feature
PCP Airgun
Spring-Piston
CO₂ Airgun
Power Source
Compressed air
Mechanical spring
CO₂ gas cartridge
Recoil
None
Moderate to heavy
Light
Power Consistency
High
Varies with spring fatigue
Affected by temperature
Follow-up Shots
Fast with magazine
Slow (manual reload)
Fast with magazine
Filling
Pump/Tank/Compressor
No fill required
New cartridges needed
Cold Weather Performance
Good
Good
Poor (gas pressure drops)
🔧 What Makes PCP Different — and Better? Here’s where PCPs really shine: power consistency.
Spring and CO₂ rifles often suffer from velocity variations between shots. With CO₂, temperature plays a big role — a chilly morning can sap your power. With springers, the mechanical movement can lead to slight inconsistencies. PCP airguns, on the other hand, deliver remarkably stable power from shot to shot.
Why should you care? Because power consistency directly affects your shot placement.
Tighter shot groups: Less velocity variation means your pellets will land in a more predictable pattern.
Better confidence: When every shot behaves like the last one, you can trust your aim.
Fewer flyers: That one random pellet that sails high or low? Much less likely.
Whether you’re shooting from a bench or stalking rabbits, the difference is noticeable.
A Typical PCP airgun set up
Low Recoil = High Comfort + Quick Follow-Ups
Ever flinched just before squeezing the trigger on a springer? Yeah, that’s recoil anticipation. It’s a real thing — and it can wreck your accuracy.
One of the biggest quality-of-life upgrades with a PCP airgun is the complete lack of recoil. With no spring snapping forward or gas expanding violently, shooting becomes smoother and more intuitive.
And because your sight picture doesn’t get thrown off with each shot:
You can stay locked on target.
You’re able to fire follow-up shots faster and more accurately.
You don’t fatigue as quickly, which is a huge plus during long sessions.
Target shooters love this for obvious reasons, but hunters benefit too — especially when you need that second shot before your quarry bolts.
Multi-Shot Capability: More Pellets, Less Fuss
If you’re used to single-shot springers, this one’s a game-changer.
Many PCP airguns come with rotary magazines or multi-shot mechanisms, letting you load 10 or more pellets at once. That means:
Fewer reload interruptions
More time shooting
Faster reactions when it counts
Whether you’re in the middle of a friendly competition or lining up shots in the field, this convenience makes a noticeable difference.
All-Weather Reliability
Let’s talk about environmental performance, particularly if you’re coming from CO₂.
CO₂ airguns are infamously temperature-sensitive. Cold weather causes the gas to contract and lose pressure, leading to lower velocities and frustrating inconsistencies.
PCP rifles? Unaffected by temperature. The compressed air in the tank remains stable whether you’re shooting in summer heat or winter frost. That makes PCPs the go-to choice for all-season shooters who demand reliable results in any environment.
But Wait — What’s the Catch?
Okay, so if PCPs are so amazing, why doesn’t everyone use them?
Well, a few things to consider:
1. The Initial Investment
The rifles themselves are pricier than most springers or CO₂ guns.
You’ll also need a way to fill them: hand pump, scuba tank, or electric compressor. That’s another upfront cost, though many consider it a one-time purchase.
2. Maintenance and Safety
PCP airguns operate at high pressures (up to 250+ bar), so you’ll need to learn a bit about safe handling and air cylinder care.
They’re not hard to maintain, but you do need to be mindful.
3. Filling Can Be a Workout (or an Expense)
Hand pumps can be tiring — think “small cardio session.”
Compressors or tanks make life easier, but they add to the cost.
Still, for most users, the benefits far outweigh these minor hurdles.
Most pcp rifles have an air cylinder located under the barrel.
So, Should You Make the Leap?
If you’re someone who:
Values precision and consistency,
Wants the ability to take rapid, accurate follow-up shots,
Plans to shoot regularly — in any weather,
Enjoys convenience and performance in equal measure…
…then a PCP airgun isn’t just an upgrade. It’s a whole new level of shooting.
Final Thoughts: The Airgun of the Serious Shooter
Pre-Charged Pneumatic air rifles offer more than just flashy features — they deliver a shooting experience built around control, comfort, and confidence. With stable power, no recoil, multiple shots per fill, and reliable performance in any condition, it’s no wonder serious shooters are making the switch.
Sure, the entry price is a little higher, and there’s some gear to think about. But once you’ve had your first session with a PCP, you’ll probably never look back.
Whether you’re chasing tighter groups, quicker follow-ups, or simply a more refined experience behind the trigger, a PCP airgun might just be your next best decision.
Whether you’re monitoring wildlife, scouting hunting spots, or keeping an eye on the back forty, a reliable trail camera is your best silent partner in the field. The HIKMICRO M15 isn’t just another set-it-and-forget-it cam—it’s a powerful, no-nonsense 4G-enabled scout with features that would make even the most seasoned outdoorsperson nod in approval.
In this guide, we’ll walk you through what makes the HIKMICRO M15 a solid choice, how to set it up properly, and how to make the most of its tech-savvy features—because whether it’s a prowling fox or a nosy badger, you want the shot before it disappears into the underbrush.
Why Use a Trail Camera Anyway?
Trail cameras have come a long way from grainy nighttime blobs and SD card roulette. Today, they serve a wide range of users:
Hunters looking to track game movement patterns.
Wildlife enthusiasts who enjoy observing animals in their natural habitat.
Landowners and farmers monitoring property or checking for trespassers.
Researchers gathering long-term wildlife data without disturbing their subjects.
With the M15, you get more than passive image capture—you get actionable insights, often delivered to your smartphone before the mud on the trail’s even dried.
With up to 10MP image and 1080P video resolution, it can take true living colour photos or video clips during the day and super clear B&W images or video clips at night with 940nm invisible IR LEDs.
Meet the M15: Built for the Wild, Backed by 4G
The HIKMICRO M15 is the kind of device that earns its keep. Here’s what it brings to the (woodland) table:
Crystal-clear visuals: 10MP images and 1080p video with audio—true-to-life colour by day, sharp black-and-white by night.
Blazing-fast trigger speed: 0.5 seconds. Blink and you’ll miss it—but the M15 won’t.
Invisible night vision: 940nm IR LEDs won’t spook your subject.
25m detection range with a 45° angle: That’s a lot of coverage for a single camera.
Rugged design: IP66-rated for dust and water, it’s ready for rain, snow, and the odd squirrel nibble.
But where the M15 really flexes is its 4G connectivity, allowing real-time photo delivery and remote access. Welcome to the 21st century of scouting.
The camera detects movement at an angle of 45 degrees and has a range of 25 meter (82 ft), which means that it can cover a width of 20 meters at a distance of 25 meters.
First Steps: Setting Up Your M15
Before you start catching critters on camera, you’ll need to do a bit of prep. But don’t worry—it’s less “tech support” and more “tweak and go.”
What’s in the Box?
You’ll find:
The M15 camera
Antenna
SIM card (network dependent)
USB cable
Quick start guide
Installation strap
You’ll need to add: 6 or 12 standard AA batteries (not included), and a microSD card.
💡 Pro tip: Using lithium AA batteries ensures longer life and better cold-weather performance.
Mounting
Mount using the strap or the 1/4″-20 UNC thread (perfect for tripods or mounts). Position the camera about 3–4 feet off the ground, angled slightly down, and pointing north or south to avoid glare.
Powering Up and Going Mobile
Once it’s mounted and powered up, the real fun begins—app time.
Download the HIKMICRO Sight App
Available for iOS and Android, this app is your control centre. Here’s what you can do:
Check signal strength and battery life
Change capture settings remotely
Schedule uploads or get them in real time
Organise media by date or type
See GPS location and monitor storage space
It’s like your trail camera got an upgrade and went to university.
Setting Up 4G Connectivity
Insert your SIM card and follow these steps:
Connect to the camera via the HIKMICRO Sight app.
Navigate to network settings.
Enter your APN details (check with your mobile provider).
Enable 4G transmission.
Choose your preferred delivery schedule: real-time or scheduled uploads.
And just like that—you’re getting pictures of deer before they’ve even decided which tree to scratch.
Dialling in the Details
Here are the key features you can tweak in the app:
Capture mode: Photo, video, or both
Resolution settings: Adjust to save memory or max out for detail
Trigger interval: Control how often the camera reacts to movement
Burst mode: Take multiple shots per trigger
Time-lapse: Great for documenting habitat or weather changes
Every option is clearly laid out in the app, making customization intuitive—even if you’ve never used a connected trail cam before.
Why the M15? Let’s Sum It Up
Still deciding? Here’s why the HIKMICRO M15 stands out:
Unrivalled convenience with app control and real-time updates
Fast, reliable performance in the field
Solid build quality that can handle whatever nature throws at it
Comprehensive status updates (from temperature to data usage)
Whether you’re surveying red deer in the Highlands or checking for garden invaders, this is the trail camera that keeps you connected—no matter where you are.
The M15 trail camera can be triggered within 0.5 seconds by the movement of animals with a highly sensitive Passive Infrared motion sensor (PIR).
Final Thoughts: Nature, Now in Real Time
With the M15, you’re not just collecting data—you’re staying informed. The ability to manage your camera from miles away, review footage by time and category, and receive media directly to your phone gives you control that once required days of trekking and swapping memory cards.
And that? That’s efficiency that even Mother Nature would respect.
Now go on—set it, sync it, and let the M15 show you what’s really lurking in the underbrush.
Ah, pigeons. Some people feed them in town squares. Others wish they’d stop treating their garden furniture like a public restroom. If you’re here, chances are you’ve got a few too many feathered guests and are wondering, “Can I shoot pigeons in my garden?”
The answer? Yes — but only if you follow the rules. And trust us, there are a few!
First, a Word from Our Friends at DEFRA
Let’s get serious for a moment. The Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) governs this birdy business under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. This law protects wild birds — yes, even the scruffy ones nesting in your loft — and makes it illegal to harm or kill them without a valid reason and the right licence.
So no, you can’t just go full cowboy in the back garden.
What Counts as a “Valid Reason”?
You’re only allowed to shoot certain pigeons under specific licences, and only when:
You’re protecting crops or livestock.
You’re preventing the spread of disease.
You’ve tried non-lethal methods and they didn’t work.
And here’s the kicker: you don’t need to apply for these licences, but you do need to follow them to the letter. If the police come knocking, you’d better be able to prove you were operating within the law.
The Licences – Legal Pigeon Control in the UK
Depending on where you are in the UK and the type of pigeon you’re dealing with, different licences apply. Here’s a quick cheat sheet:
Pigeon Type
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
Feral
GL41, GL42
GL02, GL03
GL001, GL002
TPG1, TPG2
Woodpigeon
GL42
GL02
GL001
TPG2
Important: Some licences (like GL41) only cover feral pigeons. So before you go all Rambo in the rhododendrons, make sure you’ve ID’d your bird.
So… What Is the Difference Between Feral and Wood Pigeons?
Glad you asked.
Feral Pigeons: City slickers. Often found loitering near kebab shops. They’re smart (they remember the people who feed them!) and dirty. Feral pigeons love abandoned buildings, can carry disease, and breed like it’s their job.
Wood Pigeons: Country cousins. Chunkier. Prefer berries to bin scraps. Wood pigeons love gardens, woods, and fields — and are easier on the eye with their pinkish breasts and white wing patches.
The wood pigeon is easily identifiable by its purple / pink coloured breast
Can I Shoot Pigeons with an Air Rifle?
Yes — if you follow the law very carefully.
Air rifles are commonly used for pest control in the UK, including for pigeons, but they come with a strict set of rules and responsibilities.
📜 Legal Basics for Airguns in the UK
England & Wales:
You do not need a licence to own or use an air rifle that falls below certain power thresholds.
The maximum legal power for an unlicensed air rifle is:
12 ft/lbs (foot-pounds of energy) for rifles.
6 ft/lbs for air pistols.
Anything more powerful than that is considered a firearm and requires a Firearm Certificate (FAC).
Scotland:
All airguns, regardless of power, require an Air Weapon Certificate under the Air Weapons and Licensing (Scotland) Act 2015.
Northern Ireland:
All air rifles are classed as firearms and require a firearms licence.
🛡️ Safe Practices for Airgun Use
Even with a legal air rifle, you still need to shoot safely and responsibly:
Only shoot on private land where you have explicit permission.
Always ensure a safe backstop — you need to stop the pellet if you miss. Think soil mounds, thick wood, or purpose-built pellet traps.
Never shoot near public footpaths, roads, or houses.
Use an appropriate calibre — .177 or .22 pellets are common for pest control.
Be mindful of noise, ricochet, and especially the presence of other people, pets, or property.
Keep your airgun secure and never carry it openly in public — that’s illegal and likely to get you a very quick visit from the police.
✅ Legal Checklist Before Shooting a Pigeon
Do I know what species it is?
Am I using the correct General Licence for this situation?
Have I tried non-lethal methods first?
Is my air rifle under the legal power limit (or do I have the correct licence if not)?
Am I on private land with permission to shoot?
Do I have a safe shooting environment and backstop?
If you can’t tick all those boxes, put the gun away and consider other options — or call in the pros.
Do I Have to Shoot Them?
Nope! In fact, DEFRA and Natural England really want you to try non-lethal options first. Things like:
Removing food or water sources
Installing bird spikes or netting
Using motion-activated lights or sound deterrents
Sealing entry points to lofts and buildings
Not only are these methods often enough to do the trick — they also help keep you on the right side of the law.
Pigeons love hanging out amongst garden weeds.
In Conclusion…
Yes, you can shoot pigeons in your garden — but only under the right conditions. You need to:
✅ Identify the pigeon species ✅ Follow the correct General Licence ✅ Try non-lethal methods first ✅ Use a legal air rifle within power limits ✅ Shoot safely and responsibly on private land
So before you channel your inner sharpshooter, make sure you’re fully briefed. If you are interest in shopping pest control solutions, check out our Online Airgun Store.
If you’ve recently picked up an air rifle and are keen to try your hand at pest control, you’re in good company. Many shooters in the UK use air rifles for managing small pests, keeping populations under control while respecting the environment and wildlife. In this guide, we’ll explore what pests you can legally shoot with a sub-12 ft/lb air rifle (no licence required), how to lure them in, and how to dispatch them humanely.
What Can You Legally Shoot?
The UK has strict wildlife laws, so it’s crucial to know which species are fair game. The general rule is that only certain pests—those considered harmful to agriculture, property, or native wildlife—can be legally controlled. Here’s a breakdown of the main targets:
1. Grey Squirrels (Sciurus Carolinensis)
Identification: Grey fur with a white underbelly, bushy tail, and larger size compared to native red squirrels. Typically found in woodlands, parks, and gardens.
Why Shoot Them? Grey squirrels are an invasive species that outcompete native red squirrels. They also cause damage to trees and can be a nuisance in gardens and lofts.
Baiting & Luring: Peanuts and sunflower seeds work well. A simple bait station can encourage them into a safe shooting zone.
Humane Dispatch: A headshot is essential for an instant, humane kill. Aim for the brain just behind the eye.
2. Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)
Identification: Small to medium-sized mammals with long ears, powerful hind legs, and brown-grey fur. Often found in open fields and woodland edges.
Why Shoot Them? Rabbits breed rapidly and can cause serious damage to crops and gardens.
Baiting & Luring: Natural grazing spots are best. Normally bait isn’t required but if you must bait, fresh vegetables or hay can work.
Humane Dispatch: A clean headshot or a heart-lung shot is recommended. Avoid shooting from angles that may lead to wounding.
3. Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)
Identification: Brown or grey fur, scaly tail, and a pointed snout. Typically found around buildings, farms, and waterways.
Why Shoot Them? Rats spread disease, damage property, and compete with native species.
Baiting & Luring: Peanut butter, bacon grease, or grain-based baits can attract them into a shooting zone.
Humane Dispatch: A shot to the head ensures a quick and humane kill. Be mindful of backstops as rats are often near buildings.
4. Corvids (Crows, Magpies, and Jackdaws)
Identification:
Crows: Large black birds with an intelligent and cautious nature.
Magpies: Black and white plumage with a long tail and a chattering call.
Jackdaws: Smaller than crows with grey heads and pale blue eyes.
Why Shoot Them? Corvids predate on songbird nests and can be aggressive around livestock.
Baiting & Luring: Decoys and calls work best. Be aware, corvids are very smart and cannot be tricked easily.
Humane Dispatch: A head or chest shot will drop them effectively. Be aware of legal restrictions—make sure you have permission to control them.
5. Woodpigeons (Columba Palumbus)
Identification: Large grey bird with a distinctive white neck patch and white wing bars visible in flight.
Why Shoot Them? They are a major agricultural pest, causing extensive damage to crops.
Baiting & Luring: Decoying is very effective. Scatter grain or use pigeon decoys in a known feeding area.
Humane Dispatch: A headshot is ideal, but a well-placed chest shot will also work.
6. Feral Pigeons (Columba Livia Domestica)
Identification: Variable plumage but often blue-grey with iridescent neck feathers. Found in urban areas and farm buildings.
Why Shoot Them? Feral pigeons are often seen as pests in urban areas, where they spread disease and cause damage to buildings.
Baiting & Luring: Similar to woodpigeons—grain or decoys work well.
Humane Dispatch: Again, head or chest shots are the most effective.
Techniques for a Successful and Ethical Hunt
Now that we know what we can legally shoot, let’s look at some effective methods to ensure an ethical and efficient pest control session.
1. Choosing the Right Pellets
For a sub-12 ft/lb air rifle, domed or hollow-point pellets are the best choice. They provide accuracy and enough stopping power for a humane kill.
2. Using the Right Scope
A good-quality scope will help with shot placement, especially for smaller targets. A 3-9×40 or similar magnification is a great all-round option.
3. Shooting from a Rested Position
Accuracy is key to humane pest control. Using a bipod or shooting sticks can improve your stability and shot consistency.
4. Understanding Shooting Ranges
A sub-12 ft/lb air rifle is most effective within 30-40 yards. Beyond this, accuracy and pellet energy drop significantly. Know your limits!
5. Checking Your Shot Placement
Always aim for a clean kill. If an animal is wounded, a follow-up shot should be taken immediately to dispatch it humanely.
6. Legal Considerations
You must have permission from the landowner to shoot on private land.
Avoid shooting near roads or public footpaths.
Always follow UK airgun laws, including safe transportation and storage of your rifle.
If shooting birds, make sure you comply with the General Licence regulationsfrom Natural England or your local wildlife authority.
Final Thoughts
Pest control with air rifles can be a rewarding and responsible activity if done ethically and legally. Always prioritise humane kills, know your quarry, and respect the land you shoot on. By following the tips in this guide, you’ll improve your skills while helping to manage pest populations effectively.
Remember, airgun hunting is a skill that takes time to master. Practicing on paper targets before taking live shots ensures that you can consistently place accurate and humane shots. Always check local regulations before heading out, and if you’re new to the sport, consider joining an airgun club to meet experienced shooters who can provide valuable advice.
Additionally, pest control should always be conducted with respect for nature. While these animals may be pests, they still deserve to be treated with dignity. If you hunt, do so with a purpose—whether it’s protecting crops, managing populations, or sourcing sustainable food. Ethical shooting is not just about making the shot but also about knowing when not to take one.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: Do I need a licence for a sub-12 ft/lb air rifle?
A: No, in the UK, you do not need a licence to own and use an air rifle that produces under 12 ft/lb of muzzle energy. However, you must still comply with all airgun laws, including shooting only on land where you have permission and ensuring safe storage. If you own an air pistol under 6 ft/lb, similar rules apply. For any rifle exceeding 12 ft/lb, you must apply for a Firearm Certificate (FAC), which has much stricter regulations.
Q: Can I shoot in my garden?
A: Yes, you can legally shoot in your own garden, but strict rules apply. You must ensure that pellets do not leave your property boundary, as this is considered an offence. Additionally, you must ensure that your shooting does not endanger anyone or cause unnecessary distress. A suitable backstop, such as a thick wooden board or pellet trap, is essential to prevent ricochets or stray shots from leaving your garden.
Q: What is the best calibre for pest control?
A: Both .177 and .22 calibres are effective for pest control, but they have different advantages. .177 has a flatter trajectory and higher velocity, making it easier to shoot accurately at longer distances. .22, on the other hand, delivers more impact energy, which can be beneficial for dispatching pests more effectively. Ultimately, shot placement is more important than calibre—either will work if you can consistently make accurate, humane shots.
Q: Is there a best time of day for pest control?
A: Yes, different pests are more active at specific times. Grey squirrels and rabbits are most active during early morning and late afternoon, while rats are more commonly seen at night. Woodpigeons and corvids tend to move during the day, especially around feeding times. Choosing the right time to shoot will improve your chances of success and ensure that you are not disturbing other wildlife unnecessarily.
Q: What happens if I wound an animal?
A: Wounding an animal is an unfortunate reality that can happen, even to experienced shooters. If you wound a pest, it is your ethical responsibility to dispatch it as quickly and humanely as possible. Always have a follow-up shot ready and ensure that your marksmanship is practiced regularly to reduce the risk of wounding. If a shot is uncertain, it’s better to wait for a clearer opportunity than to take a risky or rushed shot.
