Ah, pigeons. Some people feed them in town squares. Others wish they’d stop treating their garden furniture like a public restroom. If you’re here, chances are you’ve got a few too many feathered guests and are wondering, “Can I shoot pigeons in my garden?”
The answer? Yes — but only if you follow the rules. And trust us, there are a few!

First, a Word from Our Friends at DEFRA
Let’s get serious for a moment. The Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) governs this birdy business under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. This law protects wild birds — yes, even the scruffy ones nesting in your loft — and makes it illegal to harm or kill them without a valid reason and the right licence.
So no, you can’t just go full cowboy in the back garden.
What Counts as a “Valid Reason”?
You’re only allowed to shoot certain pigeons under specific licences, and only when:
- You’re protecting crops or livestock.
- You’re preventing the spread of disease.
- You’ve tried non-lethal methods and they didn’t work.
And here’s the kicker: you don’t need to apply for these licences, but you do need to follow them to the letter. If the police come knocking, you’d better be able to prove you were operating within the law.
The Licences – Legal Pigeon Control in the UK
Depending on where you are in the UK and the type of pigeon you’re dealing with, different licences apply. Here’s a quick cheat sheet:
Pigeon Type | England | Scotland | Wales | Northern Ireland |
---|---|---|---|---|
Feral | GL41, GL42 | GL02, GL03 | GL001, GL002 | TPG1, TPG2 |
Woodpigeon | GL42 | GL02 | GL001 | TPG2 |
Important: Some licences (like GL41) only cover feral pigeons. So before you go all Rambo in the rhododendrons, make sure you’ve ID’d your bird.
So… What Is the Difference Between Feral and Wood Pigeons?
Glad you asked.
- Feral Pigeons: City slickers. Often found loitering near kebab shops. They’re smart (they remember the people who feed them!) and dirty. Feral pigeons love abandoned buildings, can carry disease, and breed like it’s their job.
- Wood Pigeons: Country cousins. Chunkier. Prefer berries to bin scraps. Wood pigeons love gardens, woods, and fields — and are easier on the eye with their pinkish breasts and white wing patches.

Can I Shoot Pigeons with an Air Rifle?
Yes — if you follow the law very carefully.
Air rifles are commonly used for pest control in the UK, including for pigeons, but they come with a strict set of rules and responsibilities.
📜 Legal Basics for Airguns in the UK
England & Wales:
- You do not need a licence to own or use an air rifle that falls below certain power thresholds.
- The maximum legal power for an unlicensed air rifle is:
- 12 ft/lbs (foot-pounds of energy) for rifles.
- 6 ft/lbs for air pistols.
- Anything more powerful than that is considered a firearm and requires a Firearm Certificate (FAC).
Scotland:
- All airguns, regardless of power, require an Air Weapon Certificate under the Air Weapons and Licensing (Scotland) Act 2015.
Northern Ireland:
- All air rifles are classed as firearms and require a firearms licence.
🛡️ Safe Practices for Airgun Use
Even with a legal air rifle, you still need to shoot safely and responsibly:
- Only shoot on private land where you have explicit permission.
- Always ensure a safe backstop — you need to stop the pellet if you miss. Think soil mounds, thick wood, or purpose-built pellet traps.
- Never shoot near public footpaths, roads, or houses.
- Use an appropriate calibre — .177 or .22 pellets are common for pest control.
- Be mindful of noise, ricochet, and especially the presence of other people, pets, or property.
- Keep your airgun secure and never carry it openly in public — that’s illegal and likely to get you a very quick visit from the police.
✅ Legal Checklist Before Shooting a Pigeon
- Do I know what species it is?
- Am I using the correct General Licence for this situation?
- Have I tried non-lethal methods first?
- Is my air rifle under the legal power limit (or do I have the correct licence if not)?
- Am I on private land with permission to shoot?
- Do I have a safe shooting environment and backstop?
If you can’t tick all those boxes, put the gun away and consider other options — or call in the pros.
Do I Have to Shoot Them?
Nope! In fact, DEFRA and Natural England really want you to try non-lethal options first. Things like:
- Removing food or water sources
- Installing bird spikes or netting
- Using motion-activated lights or sound deterrents
- Sealing entry points to lofts and buildings
Not only are these methods often enough to do the trick — they also help keep you on the right side of the law.

In Conclusion…
Yes, you can shoot pigeons in your garden — but only under the right conditions. You need to:
✅ Identify the pigeon species
✅ Follow the correct General Licence
✅ Try non-lethal methods first
✅ Use a legal air rifle within power limits
✅ Shoot safely and responsibly on private land
So before you channel your inner sharpshooter, make sure you’re fully briefed. If you are interest in shopping pest control solutions, check out our Online Airgun Store.